After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, Europe experienced massive political fragmentation, the division of initially centralized power turned into numerous smaller entities. There is no longer a strong central government like Rome, the Roman realm was divided into smaller kingdoms, such as the Franks, Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and Anglo-Saxons. Political fragmentation led to changes in power and political structures, such as Roman law being replaced by local customary law and security being conducted not by the state but by local nobility.

ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) is a concept of resolving conflicts or disputes outside the court system. ADR processes are generally confidential, informal, and based on the agreement between the parties, in contrast to court proceedings, which are open to the public, coercive, and rely on judges' decisions. Examples of ADR include, but are not limited to, arbitration, mediation, and other similar mechanisms.

The 4B movement is a lifestyle choice for women, rejecting four traditional expectations: marriage, giving birth, dating, and having sex with men. Within this space, women began advocating for non-marriage and non-childbirth as a means of rejecting patriarchal control. The 4B movement has evolved into 6B, incorporating two additional principles: not consuming misogynistic products and not engaging with men who do not deserve a response. This also includes actively supporting women-owned businesses and uplifting female creators and entrepreneurs.